Developments of Dermatoglyphics Research

Developments of Dermatoglyphics Research

Since 1823, scientists have discovered that fingerprint patterns and inner intelligence are related to each other. Fingerprints are formed during 13th to 19th week of a pregnancy. This concept has been confirmed by many researchers and has been published in many literatures also. Fingerprint patterns are consistent throughout the lifetime, unless the forms of disturbances are introduced that changes the genetic composition. From then onwards, scientists incorporated dermatogylphics, genetics, neural science and embryology with the theory of multiple intelligences. With the help of these, a person's personality and hidden talents can be evaluated and classified consequently.

Marcello Malpighi (1628 - 1694)

Marcelli is an Italian anatomist and microscopist who explained the outlines on the tips of fingers as part of an overall study of human skin. He is also known by some to be the first man who conducted the study of tissues, a histologist.  He used microscope for almost 4o years to explain the various types of plants and animal structures, while doing this he also marked out for future generations of biologists' chief areas of research in embryology, human anatomy and pathology.

Dr. Nehemiah Grew (1641 - 1712)

Dr. Grew was the member of the Royal Society and of the College of Physicians. He illustrated the “innumerable little ridges” in the philosophical transactions for 1684. He stated “for if any one will but take the pains, with an indifferent glass to survey the palm of his hand, he may perceive innumerable little ridges, of equal bigness and distance, and everywhere running parallel one with another. Especially, upon the hands and first joints of the fingers and thumb. They are very regularly disposed into spherical triangles and elliptics. He also published exceptionally accurate drawings of fingerprints and palm areas.

Francis Galton (1822-1911)

Francis Galton was the cousin of Sir Charles Darwin and was a scientist having wide interests in covering anthropology, geology, biology, genetics and eugenics published 240 papers and 15 books. He has performed thorough research into the importance and stability of finger patterns not only to exhibit their use as a mean of personal identification but also to display the inherited significance of fingerprints and to specify genetic variations of fingerprints amongst diverse races. The categorization of fingerprints proposed by him is much simpler than that proposed by Prof. Purkinje delineating that only 3 main types of patterns based on the number of triradii found in each pattern. He recognized the triradius as a very important indicator of a fingerprint pattern type. His two works ‘Fingerprints' (1892) and 'Fingerprint Directories' (1895) are considered as classics in the area of dermatoglyphics and stirred the concentration of varied scientific investigators, such as anthropologists, zoologists, geneticists and criminologists.

Sir Edward Henry (1850-1931)

He was the Inspector General of Police of Bengal Province in India and also solved the problem of fingerprint classification. After getting influenced by Sir Galton's book called Finger Prints, he developed the Henry Classification System between the years 1896 to 1897. The Henry Classification System found worldwide acceptance in a few years and a commission was established in the year 1897 to compare Anthropometry to the Henry Classification System. After the overwhelming success of fingerprinting, governor general of India came up with the idea of fingerprinting in 1900, replacing Anthropometry.

Dr Harold Cummins (1894-1976)

Dr. Cummins acquired worldwide acknowledgment as the “Father of Dermatoglyphics” or the medical study of skin ridge patterns found on human hands. His lifetime studies and techniques are known as the Cummins Methodology and widely accepted as an important tool in mapping out genetic and evolutionary relationships. Cummins Methodology has acquired wide usage in analysis of the few types of cleft palate, mental retardation, schizophrenia and even heart diseases. Whereas other fields are concerned, dermatoglyphics is used to assist ethnologic and population studies and also to make positive identifications by police. Studied all aspects of fingerprint analysis, from anthropology to genetics to embryology. He established the Theory of Dermatoglyphics in 1926 after researching on existing research with other scientists, standardizing the definition of Dermatoglyphics which is commonly used today. Dermatoglyphics officially become a professional knowledge in the field of research.

Julius Spier (1877-1942)

Julius Spier was a Psychoanalytic and a Chirologist and worked with C.G.Jung. Book written by Julius Spier is widely known and acknowledged by professional chirologists all over the world. Spier's approach to the study of the hand was based mainly on his psychoanalytic background. He placed much significance on the constant influence of our family and early life on our development as individuals. According to him, the reason of hand analysis is a way of freeing a person from societal and environmental influences that have reserved or concealed our true growth. Published the Hands of Children Analysis, Children's Psychological Personality Development using the Dermatoglyphics method.

Beryl Hutchinson MBE (1891-1981)

After Jaquin himself, Beryl Hutchinson was one of the known figures regarding the Study of Physiological Patterns. Being from a well to do background, she did not require any kind of money out of it and hence concentrated and devoted much time to chirology. Consequently, she became the driving force behind the society for thirty years, and a substantial amount of that time being the society's president. She wrote two books and like jaquin, was mainly concerned with the importance of dermatoglyphics patterns and the demonstration of physical ill-health in the hand.

Noel Jaquin (1893-1974)

Noel Jaquin is considered a pioneer in the study of chirological diagnosis in this century although he had also garnered expertise in the fields of health study and sexual and emotional evaluation from the hand. He has provided a considerable amount of contribution to almost all the aspects of the chirological art. Noel Jaquin's work is like a large canvas with an evenly sketched image, outlining the breadth of the scope of the analytic prospective of the hand. His two books named "The Human Hand" (1956) and "The Theory of Metaphysical Influence" (1958) focuses on his universal theories about life and everything. It also explains his viewpoints and beliefs of hand reading. In 1945, Noel Jaquin founded the society for the study of Physiological Patterns (SSPP) in combination with Hilda Jaffe, Beryl Hutchinson and Margaret Hone. This society was devoted to support the significance of chirology as a diagnostic tool in the analysis of psychology and pathology, which continues to flourish even today. Researched and found that each fingerprint corresponds to different type of personality.

John E. Purkinji 1823

Professor of Anatomy at the University of Breslau published his thesis researching of fingerprint patterns classification, consisting of nine print Categories.

Elizabeth Wilson 1920

Started analyzing the Status of grain scientifically In the University of Columbia by Using statistics to check the difference between people with Schizophrenia, low intelligence and normal people.

1930 Society for the Study of Physiological Patterns

Started the study of five types of fingerprints & their unique personality traits (SSPP physiology society).

1950 Dr. Penfield

Canadian Brain Surgeon Professor pointed out that the close link and relationship between fingerprints and the Brain.

1968 Sarah Holt

Whose own work "The Genetics of Dermal Ridges' published in 1968, Summarizes her research in dermatoglyphics patterns of both the fingers and the palm in various people, both normal and congenitally afflicted.

1970's USSR

Carried out research work of the human potential, intelligence and talents in dermatoglyphics and human genome perspective.

1980's China

Carried out research work of the human potential, intelligence and talents in dermatoglyphics and human genome perspective.

1985 Dr. Chen Yi Moo PhD. of Harvard University

Based on Multiple Intelligences theory of Dr. Howard Gardner, First person who applied dermatoglyphics to educational fields and Brain Physiology.

1987-1993 Fitzherbert

The significant figure for the scholastic research for skin grains, Filzherbert published over 300 thesis on the .relationship of Dermatoglyphics, Anthropology, Anatomy and Medical Science.

2000's Dr. Stowens, Chief of Pathology at St. Suke's hospital in New York

Claims to be able to diagnose Schizophrenia and Leukemia With up to 90% accuracy. In Germany, Dr. Alexander Rode Waldreports claimed, he can pinpoint many congenital abnormalities with 90% accuracy.

2004 IBMBS – International Behavioral & Medical Biometrics Society

Over 7000 reports and thesis published. Nowadays U.S.A, Japan, China and Taiwan, all apply dermatoglyphics to educational fields,expecting to improve Teaching qualities and raising learning efficiency by knowing various learning styles.

2011 AKS Neurogenetic MIA Services Private Limited

Introduces DMIA Globally starting with India combining cutting edge technology with the latest development and large-scaled database in Educational Science, DMIA / DMIT / DMIAR Is Now made available to all, contributing its part to a new generation of geniuses in India and globally.