History Fingerprint Analysis

The Mileage of Fingerprint Analysis
  Phase 1 :
  In the year 1880, early century of 19, Dr. Henry Faulds stated the theory of finger RC(Ridge Count):
As to the finger ridge counting towards the RC ability to distinguish the study method of inborn intelligences, but the element of the post analyzing was too simple.
 
  Phase 2 :
  In the year of 1943, the middle 20 century, Dr. Harold Cummins stated the theory PI(Pattern Intensity) rate measuring, counting on RC value, 3 delta areas value, forms the fingerprint added with potency value, then different finger pattern with its different position, also could produce different degree. The former using PI value is more accurate compared with the first method that only used RC measurement.
 
  Phase 2 :
  In 1986 Nobel Prize in physiology was awarded to Dr. Rita Levi-Montalcini Dr. Stanley Cohen for discovering the correlation between NGF (Nerve Growth Factor) and EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor)


Fingerprint History
  1684-Dr. Nehemiah Grew (1641-1712) presented Finger Prints, Palms and Soles An Introduction To Dermatoglyphics to the Royal Soceity
 
  1685-Dr.Bidloo published an anatomical atlas, Anatomia Humani Corporis, with illustrations showing the human figure both in living attitudes and as dissected cadavers
 
  1686-Dr. Marcello Malphigi (1628-1694) noted in his treatise; ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints
 
  1788-J.C.Mayer was the first to write out basic tenets of fingerprint analysis and theorised that fingerprints were unique
 
  1823- Czech Republic’s physicist and biologist Joannes Evangelista Purkinji started to study the protruding lines on the skin of the human palm and the sole and attempted to systemize as well as find the relationship between these prints and the human kind. Dr. Jan Purkinje classified the papillary lines on the fingertips into nine types: arch, tented arch, ulna loop, radial loop, peacock’s eye/compound, spiral whorl, elliptical whorl, circular whorl, and double loop/composite.
 
  1880-The Nature journal published two articles by Professor Henry Faulds and Professor WJ Herschel that recommended the use of fingerprints/Dermatoglyphics as a way to uniquely identify and differentiate mankind
 
  1892- Sir Francis Galton a British anthropologist and a cousin of Charles Darwin, He published hisbook, "Fingerprints", establishing the individuality and permanence of fingerprints. The book included the first classification system for fingerprints.
 
  1920-Columbia University Professor, Elizabeth Wilson striate into state of scientific research, and application of statistical methods
 
  1926- Harold Cummins, M.D. aka. the Father of Dermatoglyphics. And C.Midlo, M.D.studied all aspects of fingerprint analysis, from anthropology to genetics and embryology perspective. 1943 Published book, Finger Prints, Palms and Soles, a bible in the field of dermatoglyphics. Hence, Dermatoglyphics officially became a professional research area of knowledge.
 
  1936-Dr. Harold Cummins & Dr. Charles Midlo also researched the embryo-genesis of skin ridge patterns and established that the fingerprint patterns actually develop in the womb and are fully formed by the fourth foetal month.
 
  1944- Dr Julius Spier Psycho-Analytic Chirologist published “The Hands of Children” he made several significant discoveries especially in the area of psycho-sexual development and the diagnosis of imbalances and problems in this area from the patterns of the hands.
 
  1950-Canada’s brain surgery was a professor Banfill ( Penfeild) published “Body of all parts of the brain associated with the cross-section map, “also shows a finger dermatoglyphics and close of the association between the brain.
 
  1968- Sarah Holt, whose own work 'The Genetics of Dermal Ridges' published in 1968, summarizes her research in of dermatoglyphics patterns of both the fingers and the palm in various peoples, both normal and congenitally afflicted.
 
  1969-John J. Mulvihill, MD and David W. Smith, MD published The Genesis of Dermatoglyphics that provies the most up to date verson of how fingerprints form.
 
  1970- USSR,Former Soviet Union. Using Dermatoglyphics in selecting the contestant for Olympics.
 
  1980- China carry out researching work of human potential, intelligence and talents in dermatoglyphics and human genome perspective.
 
  1981-Professor Roger W. Sperry and his research partners was awarded the Nobel prize for Biology in their contribution towards the functions of the right brain and left brain as well as the dual brain theory. Research related to the brain enters its peak at this stage. At the same time, it is now widely used by scientists from various other fields
 
  1985- Dr. Chen Yi Mou Phd. of Havard University research Dermatoglyphics based on Multiple Intelligence theory of Dr. Howard Gardner. First apply dermatoglyphics to educational fields and brain physiology.
 
  2000- Dr Stowens, Chief of Pathology at St Luke's hospital in New York, claims to be able to diagnose schizophrenia and leukaemia with up to a 90% accuracy. In Germany, Dr Alexander Rodewald reports he can pinpoint many congenital abnormalities with a 90% accuracy.
 
  2004- IBMBS- International Behavioral & Medical Biometrics Society. Over 7000 report and thesis published. Nowadays the U.S., Japan or China, Taiwan apply dermatoglyphics to educational fields, expecting to improve teaching qualities and raising learning efficiency by knowing various learning styles.
 
  Dermatoglyphics in Recent History
  Although many important discoveries regarding the psychological significance of fingerprint patterns have been made, the main thrust of scientific dermatoglyphic research in the latter half of the twentieth century has been directed into genetic research and the diagnosis of chromosomal defects. Over the last thirty years or so, more than four thousand papers have been written on the significance of skin-ridge patterns!
 
  The published work, include the frequencies of various patterns, for personal identification, Inheritance, anomalous patterns, medico-legal cases etc. Some of the authors who have made a significant contribution are given below:
Faulds (1905), Hellwig (1912), Carriere (1923). Ganther (1923), Roscher (1925), Furuhata (1927). Heindl (1927), Bonnevie (1929), Cummins (1930, 1934, 1961), Metiner (1930), Gerke (1932), Harster (1932), Saller (1932), Abel (1933, 1935), Geipel (1935, 1937), Kirchmair (1936), Csik (1927), Henry (1937), MacArther (1937), Pol (1937), Dankmeijer (1938), de Pina (1939), Okuma (1940), Kumbnani (1959, 1968, 1972, 1978, 1984, 1990, 1991, 2005), Singh (1961), Volotzkoy (1961), Bali (1968), Sen (1968), Clercil (1969), Bhanu (1975) Mavalwala (1977), Singh and Bhasin (1979), Livshits (1987), Micle (1988), Kamali (1990), Bhasin and Walter (2001).